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| Top to bottom: Colonel John M. Chivington Southern Cheyenne Principal Chief Black Kettle Captain Silas S. Soule Major Edward W. Wynkoop Cheyenne Dog Soldier Chief Bull Bear Colorado Territorial Governor John Evans Southern Arapaho Principal Chief Little Raven |
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Chivington, Wynkoop, Bull Bear, Evans courtesy Western History/Geneaology Department, Denver Public Library. Soule, courtesy Byron Strom private materials,
Anne Hemphill Collection; Black Kettle, Little Raven, background renderings, copyright ©2005 kclonewolf.com - All Rights Reserved. Photos under copyright
protection and may not be downloaded, copied or reproduced in any manner without written permission.
Anne Hemphill Collection; Black Kettle, Little Raven, background renderings, copyright ©2005 kclonewolf.com - All Rights Reserved. Photos under copyright
protection and may not be downloaded, copied or reproduced in any manner without written permission.
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At dawn on November 29, 1864, a volunteer Colorado
militia swept down on a sleeping Cheyenne and Arapaho
village camped on the Big Sandy River in southeastern
Colorado, exacting brutal revenge for a year-long
campaign of terror waged by tribal warrior societies on the
Kansas and Colorado plains.
When the smoke cleared, Colonel John M. Chivington’s
troops returned to Denver, waving Indian scalps and body
parts to an adoring crowd that hailed the conquering
heroes as saviors of the territory. Chivington claimed his
militia decimated the entire Cheyenne and Arapaho
nations – some five to six hundred warriors among them,
including the fearsome Cheyenne Dog Soldiers. His
actions prompted the Rocky Mountain News to hoist
Chivington among the greatest American military leaders
of the time, an endorsement that would surely catapult the
former Methodist preacher to lofty political office.
But the Dog Soldiers were still alive. In fact, few of the
warriors guilty of the violent summer depredations on the
Plains were anywhere near Sand Creek when the civilian
militia attacked. Union soldiers accused Chivington of
conducting a wholesale massacre of peaceably inclined
Indian prisoners camped under the protection of the U.S.
Army, claiming the majority of the estimated 230 killed
were women, children and elderly.
Within months, Chivington’s renowned “Battle of Sand
Creek” descended into a broiling kettle of accusation and
recrimination, turning soldier against soldier, and Indian
against Indian.
Explore this site for information on John Chivington, Black
Kettle, Edward Wynkoop, Silas Soule, White Antelope,
Left Hand, John Evans, John Smith, Bull Bear, Little
Raven, and the extraordinary circumstances leading up
to, and following the massacre at Sand Creek.
militia swept down on a sleeping Cheyenne and Arapaho
village camped on the Big Sandy River in southeastern
Colorado, exacting brutal revenge for a year-long
campaign of terror waged by tribal warrior societies on the
Kansas and Colorado plains.
When the smoke cleared, Colonel John M. Chivington’s
troops returned to Denver, waving Indian scalps and body
parts to an adoring crowd that hailed the conquering
heroes as saviors of the territory. Chivington claimed his
militia decimated the entire Cheyenne and Arapaho
nations – some five to six hundred warriors among them,
including the fearsome Cheyenne Dog Soldiers. His
actions prompted the Rocky Mountain News to hoist
Chivington among the greatest American military leaders
of the time, an endorsement that would surely catapult the
former Methodist preacher to lofty political office.
But the Dog Soldiers were still alive. In fact, few of the
warriors guilty of the violent summer depredations on the
Plains were anywhere near Sand Creek when the civilian
militia attacked. Union soldiers accused Chivington of
conducting a wholesale massacre of peaceably inclined
Indian prisoners camped under the protection of the U.S.
Army, claiming the majority of the estimated 230 killed
were women, children and elderly.
Within months, Chivington’s renowned “Battle of Sand
Creek” descended into a broiling kettle of accusation and
recrimination, turning soldier against soldier, and Indian
against Indian.
Explore this site for information on John Chivington, Black
Kettle, Edward Wynkoop, Silas Soule, White Antelope,
Left Hand, John Evans, John Smith, Bull Bear, Little
Raven, and the extraordinary circumstances leading up
to, and following the massacre at Sand Creek.
Visit the Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site Tips on Traveling to the NPS National Historic Site Silas Soule Biography Letters of Silas Soule John M. Chivington Biography Edward Wynkoop Biography Key information about the Hungate Massacre New Sand Creek Links Search names from the Colorado 1st Regiment Colorado 3rd Regiment Rebellion Records Pertaining to the Sand Creek Massacre (Indexed) Browse Sand Creek Reports & Dispatches |
Search site links:
Timeline
Detailed historical timeline leading to the
Sand Creek Massacre
Bibliography
Recommended books about the Sand Creek
Massacre.
Documents
Collected documents pertaining to the
massacre. Entire text of many documents are
available on this site; or, you may follow links
to where they can be obtained.
Links
Hundreds of links to other sites related to the
Sand Creek Massacre, Native Americans,
Indian Wars and military history.
Timeline
Detailed historical timeline leading to the
Sand Creek Massacre
Bibliography
Recommended books about the Sand Creek
Massacre.
Documents
Collected documents pertaining to the
massacre. Entire text of many documents are
available on this site; or, you may follow links
to where they can be obtained.
Links
Hundreds of links to other sites related to the
Sand Creek Massacre, Native Americans,
Indian Wars and military history.
| Massacre at Sand Creek |
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| Finding Sand Creek |
| Silas Soule |
| The Sand Creek Massacre |
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| Ned Wynkoop & the Lonely Road From Sand Creek |
The Sand Creek Massacre
| A Misplaced Massacre |
| Sand Creek |
| Chief Left Hand |
| The Fighting Parson |
| The Life of George Bent |
| Sand Creek and the Tragic End of a Lifeway |
| NOW AVAILABLE Sand Creek and the Tragic End of a Lifeway by Louis Kraft Massacre at Sand Creek by Gary L. Roberts Ned Wynkoop & The Lonely Road From Sand Creek by Louis Kraft Silas Soule: A Short, Eventful Life of Moral Courage by Tom Bensing Cheyenne War: Indian Raids on the Road to Denver 1864-1869 by Jeff Broome Watch the documentary Colorado Experience: Sand Creek Massacre on Rocky Mountain PBS University of Denver 2014 John Evans Study Report Northwestern University 2014 John Evans Study Committee Report examining Evans' role in the Sand Creek Massacre |