The Sand Creek Massacre
War of the Rebellion Records - Battle of La Glorieta Pass, 1862
War of the Rebellion Records - Battle of La Glorieta Pass, 1862
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The Battle of La Glorieta Pass
Series I, Vol. IX, Part I
Page 530 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. Chapter XXI.
MARCH 26, 1862.- Skirmish at Apache Canon, N. Mex.
REPORTS.*
Numbers 1.- Major John M. Chivington, First Colorado Infantry.
Numbers 2.- Captain Charles J. Walker, Second U. S. Cavalry, including engagement at Glorieta, March 28.
Numbers 1. Report of Major John M. Chivington, First Colorado Infantry.
CAMP LEWIS, NEAR PECOS CHURCH, N. MEX.,
March 26, 1862.
GENERAL: I have the honor to submit to you the following report of the troops under my command on the 26th of
March, 1862, at the battle of Apache Canon:
The force consisted as follows: Company A, 60 men, Captain Wynkoop; Company E, 60 men, Captain Anthony, and 60
men of Company D, Captain Downing, of the First Regiment Colorado Infantry Volunteers, and 28 men of Company C,
6 men of Company D, 6 men of Company -, 10 men of Company K, Third Cavalry, under Captain Howland and
Lieutenants Wall and Falvey; 50 men of Company E, Third Cavalry, commanded by Captain Walker and Lieutenant
Banks; 50 men of Companies D and G, First Cavalry, under Captain Lord and Lieutenant Bernard (all of the U. S.
Army), and 88 men of Company F, First Regiment Cavalry Colorado Volunteers, under Captain Cook and Lieutenants
Nelson and Marshall; making the total force on our side 418 men. We marched from Bernal Springs for Santa Fe at 3
o'clock p. m. of the 25th instant, intending to surprise the enemy in small force at that place. After march of 35 miles,
and learning we were in the vicinity of the enemy's pickets, we halted about midnight, and at 2 o'clock a. m. on the 26th
Lieutenant Nelson, with 20 men, was sent out to surprise their pickets, which they did, and captured them at 10 o'clock
a. m. The detachment again moved forward, and just as we entered the canon (Apache) discovered the advance guard
of the foe and captured two lieutenants. In a few minutes they planted their battery and began to throw grape and shell
among us. In double-quick Companies A and E, First Colorado volunteers, were deployed as skirmishers to the left and
on the mountain side, and Company D, First Colorado Volunteers, was deployed as skirmishers to the right on the
mountain side, and an order was given that the cavalry be held
---------------
*This skirmish is also mentioned in Slough's and Scurry's reports of engagement, March 28, at Glorieta, N. Mex.
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Page 531 Chapter XXI. ENGAGEMENT OF VALVERDE, N. MEX.
in readiness to charge whenever the cannon were about to retreat. Soon our men from the mountain sides made it took
hot for their gunners, and they fell back about 1 1/2 miles and took another and more advantageous position,
completely covering the sides of the mountains with their skirmishers to support their guns in the canon below them.
Having mean time assembled our skirmishers in the canon, we again deployed Company D, First Colorado Volunteers,
on the right, and Companies A and E, First Colorado Volunteers, on the left, and dismounted all the cavalry and
deployed them as skirmishers, except Company F, First Colorado Volunteers, Captain Cook, who was ordered to
charge them the moment they gave way before the fire of our infantry. After a contest of an hour they began to prepare
for another retreat, and by this time Company D, Captain Downing, had well nigh flanked them, so as to cut off their
retreat, Captain Cook and Lieutenants Nelson and Marshall leading the way. Company F now made a flying charge on
the enemy, running over and trampling them under the horses' feet. Captain Downing with his men, and Lieutenant
Bernard with Company C, Third Cavalry, poured into him a sharp fire from the right, which drove him up a canon on the
left side of the main canon, when Companies A and E, First Colorado Volunteers, took a large number of prisoners. It
now being sundown, and we not knowing how near the enemy's re-enforcements might be, and having no cannon to
oppose theirs, hastened to gather up our dead and wounded and several of the enemy's, and then fell back to
Pigeon's Ranch and encamped for the night.
Our loss was 5 killed and 14 wounded. The loss of the enemy was, as we ascertained from their own accounts, 32
killed, 43 wounded, and 71 taken prisoners.
I am, sir, with much respect, your obedient servant,
J. M. CHIVINGTON,
Major, First Regiment Colorado Volunteers.
Brigadier General E. R. S. CANBY, U. S. A.,
Commanding Department New Mexico, Santa Fe, N. Mex.
Numbers 2. Report of Captain Charles J. Walker, Second U. S. Cavalry, including engagement at Glorieta, March 28.
FORT CRAIG, N. MEX., May 20, 1862.
SIR: In compliance with orders from the Headquarters of the South Military District, Fort Craig, N. Mex., of May 18, 1862,
requiring a detailed report of the operations of my company or command in the recent actions of Apache Canon and
Pigeon's Ranch, I have the honor to state that on the morning of the 26th of March last my company, forming a part of
the cavalry command under Captain G. W. Howland, Third Cavalry, moved from Gray's Ranch, near the old Pecos
Church, in the direction of Johnson's Ranch, in Apache Canon, a point near which we reached about 2 o'clock p. m. We
here discovered the enemy, about 250 or 300 strong, some 400 or 500 yards in front of us. They had two pieces of
artillery in position on the road, and were awaiting us. As soon as our column appeared they opened fire with their
battery, and, though they kept it up between five and ten minutes at close range, did us no damage. They then retired
with their guns, and our
Page 532 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. Chapter XXI.
entire force, infantry and cavalry, advanced about 600 or 800 yards farther on the road. At this point my company was
ordered to dismount and assist Captain Wynkoop's company of Colorado Volunteers in clearing the hills to the left and
front of our position. Some little skirmishing occurred after this at long range, but the enemy fell back so rapidly that we
scarcely got sight of them.
By this time the firing had ceased at every point of the field and the troops were recalled to the road, where my
company remained until about 9.30 o'clock that night, when I retired to Pigeon's Ranch and rejoined Colonel
Chivington. Next morning we marched to old Pecos Church, at which place Colonel Slough untied all of the forces. On
the following morning (March 28) the entire command, my company in advance, moved to Pigeon's Ranch, where we
halted about an hour and a half, after which we started on. We had not, however, proceeded more than 600 or 700
yards before we discovered the enemy in force immediately in front of us. They, as on the 26th, had their artillery (three
pieces) in the road, ready to receive us. As soon as I our left, and dismounted my company and commenced
skirmishing on foot. About this time Captain Ritter's battery arrived, and, supported by the infantry, took position in the
road on my right. As soon as he opened on the enemy's guns my company was ordered to mount and follow the
colonel commanding. I followed Colonel Slough, in obedience to this order, for a half of three-quarters of an hour, by
which time the action had become general. I was then ordered to occupy the high ridge running obliquely back from the
road and on the right of Pigeon's house. I did so, and held that position during the remainder of the day, or at least until
our forces had retired from the field. While in this position we at several times during the day had some skirmishing with
the enemy in small parties. The company, though under fire a great part of the day, accomplished nothing that I
remember of special importance, though they did all that the position assigned them required. The officer (Lieutenant
Sidney Banks) and men behaved handsomely whenever brought under the enemy's fire, and gave every evidence of a
willingness and determination to do any duty that might be required of them. The strength of the company (E, Third U.
S. Cavalry) during these two actions was one officer (Lieutenant Sidney Banks, Third Cavalry) besides myself and
about 40 or 45 enlisted men.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
C. J. WALKER,
Second Cavalry, Commanding Company E, Third Cavalry.
Lieutenant N. M. MACRAE,
Fourth New Mexico Volunteers, Act. Asst. Adjt. General
MARCH 28, 1862.- Engagement of Glorieta, or Pigeon's Ranch, N. Mex.
REPORTS.
Numbers 1.- Colonel John P. Slough, First Colorado Infantry.
Numbers 2.- Lieutenant Colonel Samuel F. Tappan, First Colorado Infantry.
Numbers 3.- Major John M. Chivington, First Colorado Infantry.
Numbers 4.- Captain John F. Ritter, Fifteenth U. S. Infantry, commanding light battery.
Numbers 5.- Brigadier General Henry H. Sibley, C. S. Army.
Numbers 6.- Colonel William R. Scurry, Fourth Texas Cavalry.
Page 533 Chapter XXI. ENGAGEMENT OF VALVERDE, N. MEX.
Numbers 1. Reports of Colonel John P. Slough, First Colorado Infantry.
KOZLOWSKI'S RANCH, March 29, 1862.
COLONEL: Learning from our spies that the enemy, about 1,000 strong, were in the Apache Canon and at Johnston's
Ranch beyond, I concluded to reconnoiter in force, with a view of ascertaining the position of the enemy and of
harassing them as much as possible; hence left this place with my command, nearly 1,300 strong, at 8 o'clock
yesterday morning. To facilitate the reconnaissance I sent Major J. M. Chivington, First Regiment Colorado Volunteers,
by a road running to the left of the canon and nearly parallel thereto, with about 430 officers and picked men, with
instructions to push forward to Johnson's. With the remainder of the command I entered the canon, and had attained
but a short distance when our pickets announced that the enemy was near and had taken position in a thick grove of
trees, with their line extending from mesa to mesa across the canon, and their battery, consisting of four pieces, placed
in position. I at once detailed a considerable force of flankers, placed the batteries in position, and placed the cavalry -
nearly all dismounted - and the remainder of the infantry in position to support the batteries.
Before the arrangement of my forces was completed the enemy opened fire upon us. The action began about 10
o'clock and continued until after 4 p. m. The character of the country was such as to make the engagement of the
bushwhacking kind. Hearing of the success of Major Chivington's command, and the object of our movement being
successful, we fell back in order to our camp. Our loss in killed is probably 20, including Lieutenant Baker, or Company
I, Colorado Volunteers; in wounded probably 50, including Lieutenant Chambers, of Company C, Colorado Volunteers,
and Lieutenant McGrath, U. S. Army, who was serving with Captain Ritter's battery; in missing probably 30. The
enemy's loss is in killed from 40 to 60 and wounded probably over 100. In addition we took some 25 prisoners and
rendered unfit for service three pieces of their artillery. We took and destroyed their train of about 60 wagons, with their
contents, consisting of ammunition, subsistence, forage, clothing, officers' baggage, &c. Among the killed of the enemy
2 majors, 2 captains and among the enemy made three attempts to take our batteries and were repelled in each with
severe loss.
The strength of the enemy, as received from spies and prisoners, in the canon was altogether some 1,200 or 1,300,
some 200 of whom were at or near Johnson's Ranch, and were engaged by Major Chivington's command.
The officers and men behaved nobly. My thanks are due to my staff officers for the courage and ability with which they
assisted me in conducting the engagement.
As soon as all the details are ascertained I will send an official report of the engagement.
Very respectfully,
JNO P. SLOUGH,
Colonel, Commanding Northern Division, Army of New Mexico.
Colonel E. R. S. CANBY,
Commanding Department of New Mexico.
Page 534 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. Chapter XXI.
HEADQUARTERS NORTHERN DIVISION, U. S. FORCES,
San Jose, N. Mex., March 30, 1862.
SIR: As the department commander is at Fort Craig, beyond the lines of the enemy, I have the honor to submit direct a
synopsis of the military operations of the division since its organization at Fort Union. When an opportunity occurs a
complete report will be submitted through the proper channels.
After the arrival of the First Regiment Colorado Volunteers at Fort Union I found that Colonel Paul, Fourth Regiment
New Mexico Volunteers, had completed the preliminary arrangements for throwing a column of troops into the field, and
by seniority of volunteer commission I claimed the command. Accordingly the following division was organized and I
assumed the command of the whole: First Colorado Volunteers, aggregate 916; Captain Lewis' battalion Fifth Infantry
and Captain Ford's company volunteers (Fourth New Mexico), three companies, 191; Captain Howland's cavalry
detachment of First and Third Cavalry and Company E, Third Cavalry, 150; Captain Ritter's battery, four guns, 53;
Lieutenant Claflin's battery, four small howitzers, 32. Total, 1,342.
The movement commenced from Fort Union of Saturday, the 22nd March, and the command encamped at Bernal
Springs, 45 miles from Union, on Thursday, the 25th instant. On Wednesday, the 26th instant, a command of 200
cavalry and 180 infantry, under Major Chivington, was advanced toward Santa Fe, with a view of capturing or defeating
a force of the enemy reported to be stationed there. The enemy in force was engaged near Johnson's Ranch, Apache
Canon, about 15 miles on this side of Santa Fe. The result was victorious to our forces. The enemy was defeated, with
some 20 to 25 killed, more wounded, and about 70 prisoners, who fell into our hands. Our loss was small - 3 men killed
in battle, 2 since died, and some 8 other wounded. Among the wounded is Captain Cook, Colorado Volunteers, badly. I
regret to report that Lieutenant Marshall, Colorado Volunteers, accidentally shot himself while breaking a loaded
musket which he held in his hand by the muzzle. Having accomplished this, Major Chivington's command took position
on the Pecos, at Kozlowski's Ranch, 27 miles from Santa Fe.
About noon on the 27th I left Camp Paul, at Bernal Springs, and about 2 o'clock next morning I had posted my entire
force at Kozlowski's. On the 28th a movement was made upon the enemy in two columns, with a view of reconnoitering
his position at Johnson's Ranch. Fort this purpose an infantry force of regulars and volunteers, under Major Chivington,
was directed to move off on the Gallisteo road, attain the principal heights upon the side of Apache Canon, and occupy
them, while the main body, under my command, moved directly into the canon. It was known before this movement was
made that the enemy had been strongly re-enforced, and his estimated strength was from 1,200 to 1,400.
At 9 o'clock we left our encampment, and at 10.30 a. m. we arrived at Pigeon's Ranch, 5 miles distant, the command
under Major Chivington having flanked off at a point about 2 miles beyond Kozlowski's. We had just reached Pigeon's
when I directed Captain Chapin, Seventh Infantry, adjutant-general, to proceed forward with the cavalry and
reconnoiter the position of the enemy. He had proceeded but about 300 yards when our pickets were driven in, and the
enemy opened a fire of grape and shell from a battery carefully placed in position upon the hill-side above. The
batteries were brought forward and the infantry thrown out upon the flanks. The cavalry, with an addition of infantry,
Page 535 Chapter XXI. ENGAGEMENT OF VALVERDE, N. MEX.
supported the batteries, and the firing became general. The battle continued over five hours. The fighting was all done
in thick covers of cedars, and having met the enemy where he was not expected the action was defensive from its
beginning to its end. Major Chivington's command continued on toward Johnson's, where some 200 or the enemy were
posted, and fell upon the enemy's train of 60 wagons, capturing and destroying it and capturing and destroying one
6-pounder gun, and taking 2 officers and about 15 men prisoners. The loss of this train was a most serious disaster to
the enemy, destroying his baggage and ammunition, and depriving him of provisions, of which he was short. Much
praise is due to the officers and men of Major Chivington's command.
About 5 o'clock p. m. a flag of truce came from the enemy, and measures were taken by both forces to gather up the
dead and take care of the wounded. Our loss is not great. We have 1 officer (Lieutenant Baker, Colorado Volunteers)
killed and 2 (Lieutenants McGrath, U. S. Army, and Lieutenant Chambers, Colorado Volunteers) wounded; 28 men
killed and 40 wounded. We lost some 15 prisoners. the loss of the enemy is great. His killed amount to at least 100, his
wounded at least 150, and 1 captain and several men prisoners. He is still burying his dead. It is claimed in the battles
of the 26th and 28th together that we damaged the enemy at least 350 killed, wounded, and prisoners, and have
destroyed their entire train and three pieces of artillery - one by Major Chivington and two by our batteries. We have
killed 5 of their officers - 2 majors, 1 captain, and 2 lieutenants - and have captured 5 more - 2 captains and 3
lieutenants. This has been done with the purpose of annoying and harassing the enemy and under orders from Colonel
Canby, commanding department. But as the instructions from him are to protect Fort Union at all hazards and leave
nothing to chance, and as the numbers and position of the enemy in a mountain canon are too strong to make a battle
with my force, I shall now occupy a position to protect Fort Union and at the same time harass and damage the enemy.
Officers and men, regulars and volunteers, all acquitted themselves handsomely during bothy engagements. It is
especially proper that praise should be accorded Captain Ritter and Lieutenant Claflin, U. S. Army, for the efficient
manner in which they handled their batteries during the battle of the 28th instant.
I desire to notice the members of my staff for the efficient manner in which they assisted me in the battle of Pigeon's
Ranch, and especially Captain Chapin, U. S. Army, assistant adjutant-general; Lieutenants Bonesteel and Cobb, of the
Colorado Volunteers, and Mr. J. Howe Watts, volunteer aide, upon all of whom fell the heavier portion of dangerous
duty during the battle, and whose intelligent, courageous, and prompt action contributed much towards the result
attained.
In conclusion, I would add that to Captain Chapin, whose connection with me was the most intimate, and upon whom fell
the burden of duty, I owe and return especial thanks.
I have the honor to be, with much respect, your obedient servant,
JNO P. SLOUGH,
Colonel First Regiment Colorado Volunteers, Commanding.
The ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. ARMY,
Washington City, D. C.
Page 536 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. Chapter XXI.
Numbers 2. Report of Lieutenant Colonel Samuel F. Tappan, First Colorado Infantry.
SANTA FE, N. MEX., May 21, 1862.
In compliance with orders just received from department headquarters I have the honor herewith to submit report of
engagement at Glorieta, or Pigeon's Ranch, on the 28th March last, between the forces of the enemy, under Colonel
Scurry, and Colonel Slough's column of Colorado Volunteers, Howland's cavalry, Ritter's and Claflin's batteries, of four
guns each.
On the morning of the day last mentioned I was assigned to the immediate command of a battalion of infantry,
consisting of Companies C, Captain Sopris; D, Captain Downing; G, Captain Wilder, I, Captain Maile, and K, Captain
Robbins, First Colorado Volunteers. A battery of four guns - two 12-pounder mountain howitzers, Lieutenant Claflin, U.
S. Regular Army, were attached to my command. We marched out of camp near the Old Pecos Church, Howland's
cavalry in advance, and proceeded about 5 miles down the road toward Santa Fe to Glorieta, situated in a deep,
narrow, and thickly-wounded canon. while my command was at a rest information of the immediate presence of the
enemy was brought by some pickets falling back on Captain Howland's advance. They reported the enemy in position
in the timber about 800 yards in advance. My command was immediately formed, and in obedience to the orders of
Colonel Slough I advanced half that distance at a double-quick, where the batteries were stationed on a slight elevation
in and to the left of the road. Company D deployed to the left and Company I to the right, to occupy the hill-sides as
skirmishers; Company C was assigned to the support of Ritter's and Company K Claflin's batteries. The enemy were
concealed among the trees, and opened fire upon us with their batteries, which was promptly returned by ours, and our
skirmishers from the hill-sides discharged volley after volley among the enemy with telling effect.
Company I, in deploying to the right, passed an opening commanded by the enemy's batteries and suffered severely.
They, however, reached the position assigned them and did excellent service. Occupied this position for nearly half an
hour, when the order was given to fall back to a new position in front of and near the house of Mr. Pigeon. Claflin's
battery took position on an eminence to the left and Ritter's occupied the road. At this juncture Company G, that
morning detailed as rear guard, came up, and were assigned with Company C to support Ritter's battery. Subsequently
the first platoon of this company, commanded by Captain Wilder, was ordered by Colonel Slough to deploy to the right
as skirmishers. The enemy advanced and occupied the position we had left, and the firing was renewed and kept up a
considerable time. Then our batteries fell back to their third position.
While the batteries occupied their second position Captain Chapin and myself were requested to accompany Colonel
Slough up the hill to the right to reconnoiter. It was there suggested to the colonel the necessity of occupying the hill to
the left with skirmishers, to prevent the enemy from outflanking us in that direction, to fall upon our rear, and destroy
our train, and it would also afford support to our batteries. He thereupon ordered me to take 20 men from Captain
Sopris' company and take position on the hill. these men were furnished, and not considering them sufficient I took the
police guard, not yet assigned
Page 537 Chapter XXI. ENGAGEMENT OF VALVERDE, N. MEX.
to any special duty, numbering about 70 men, and with them took position in front of and to the left of the batteries on
the summit of the hill, extending my line of skirmishers for nearly three-quarters of a mile in a half circle and at nearly a
right angle from the road occupied by our train of 100 wagons. This position commanded the valley in part, and the
irregularities of the surface afforded excellent protection for the men from the fire of the enemy. Remained here for
about four hours. Occasionally small parties of the enemy would attempt to ascend the hill toward my line, but were
driven back as often as they made their appearance.
Before the batteries had fallen back to their third position I noticed 200 or 300 of the enemy nearly a mile off
assembling. Apprehending that they were preparing to charge our batteries, I descended to the valley and
communicated my apprehensions to Colonel Slough. Soon after, returning to the position assigned me on the hill, I
received information from Colonel Slough that the enemy evidently intended to charge my skirmishers to get my
position, from which they could assault our battery and train; was ordered to hold it at all hazards, for all depended
upon it; also to be in readiness to advance and attack the enemy's flank when he should charge him in front, which he
designed doing as soon as Major Chivington should attack him in rear, which he expended every moment. About half
an hour afterward a party approached my line, dressed in the uniform of the Colorado volunteers, requesting us not to
shoot, as they were our own men. They were allowed to come within a few paces of us, when, not giving satisfactory
answers to interrogations in reference to their commanders and recognizing them as Texans, my men were ordered to
fire. The enemy suddenly disappeared, leaving several dead and wounded. Apprehending at this time the arrival of
Major Chivington with his command to attack the enemy's rear and that some of his men might get in our front while
deployed as skirmishers, I was therefore extremely cautious not to give the order to fire on parties approaching until
they were near enough to be recognized.
At the time the enemy charged our battery a battalion of the enemy made its appearance among the trees before us,
approaching the center of my line, Major Shropshire and Captain Shannon at head of column. When they had arrived
to within a few paces of my skirmishers, Private Pierce, of Company F, Colorado Volunteers, approached them, killing
and disarming the major and taking the captain prisoner. He returned to our main body and delivered over his prisoner
to Captain Chapin, U. S. Army. The fire of my skirmishers was directed against the head of the still advancing column
with such rapidity and effectiveness that the enemy were compelled to retire, with the loss of several killed and
wounded. They once again appeared in the valley, but were repulsed and driven back. Our column had fallen back
from the valley to my right a considerable distance. The enemy occupied the place we had left. Considering it extremely
hazardous to remain longer, and thereby enable the enemy to get in my rear and cut me off from support of our battery
and protection of our train, I ordered my men to fall back and close in the rear of the retiring column, which they did in
good order at a point nearly 2 miles back, and then returned to the camp we left in the morning.
Not having at my command at this time the several reports of commanders of companies engaged in the battle I am
consequently unable to particularize individual acts of heroism, and the exact number of killed, wounded, and missing.
Therefore my report must necessarily
Page 538 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. Chapter XXI.
be incomplete. I would, however, remark that an estimate was made after the battle of the casualties of my command,
and, if my memory serves me, 29 killed, 64 wounded, and 13 missing. Companies D and I, First Colorado Volunteers,
were the greatest sufferers. Several of the wounded have since died from the effects of their wounds, making the
number killed 38. The missing were taken prisoners by the enemy, one of whom escaped. The others were released on
their paroles. Lieutenant Baker, of Company I, was severely wounded during the early part of the engagement, and
afterward beaten to death by the enemy with the butt of a musket or club and his body stripped of its clothing. He was
found the next morning, his head scarcely recognizable, so horribly mangled. He fought gallantly, and the vengeance of
the foe pursued him after death. Lieutenant Chambers, of Company C, Colorado Volunteers, was also severely
wounded, from which there is but little hope of this recovery. he proved himself a gallant officer.
Suffice it to say that officers and men acted with great gallantry, and where all did so well to particularize and refer to
individuals becomes unnecessary.
I have the honor to remain, yours, with respect,
SAM. F. TAPPAN,
Lieutenant-Colonel, First Regiment Colorado Infantry Vols.
Captain G. CHAPIN,
7th Inf., U. S. A., A. A. A. G., Dept Hdqrs., Santa Fe, N. Mex.
Numbers 3. Report of Major John M. Chivington, First Colorado Infantry.
CAMP LEWIS, NEAR PECOS CHURCH, N. MEX.,
March 28, 1862.
GENERAL: I have the honor to submit to you the following report of the troops under my command on the 28th of
March, 1862, at the battle of Pigeon's Ranch:
In obedience to General Orders, Numbers -, issued to me on the morning of this day, with the following command: 1st,
Captain Lewis' battalion, assisted by Captain Carey, consisting of 60 men; Companies A and G, Fifth Infantry, in charge
of Lieutenants Barr and Norvell; Company B, First Regiment Colorado Volunteers, 78 men, in charge of Captain S. M.
Logan and Lieutenant Jacobs, and Captain James H. Ford's company, Second Colorado Volunteers, in charge of
Captain Ford and Lieutenant De Forrest. 2nd, Captain Wynkoop's battalion, consisting of Company A, First Regiment
Colorado Volunteers, in charge of Lieutenant Shaffer, 68 men; Company E, First Regiment Colorado Volunteers, in
charge of Captain Scott J. Anthony and Lieutenant J. A. Dawson, 71 men; Company H, First Regiment Colorado
Volunteers, in charge of Captain George L. Sanborn and Lieutenant B. N. Sanford, numbering about 80 men, I left
Camp Lewis at 8.30 o'clock a. m., and at 9.30 o'clock a. m. we left the main road and took the trail leading to Gallisteo,
which we kept for 8 miles, and then without road we traveled about 8 miles, and about 1.30 o'clock p. m. we reached an
eminence overlooking Johnson's Ranch.
After reconnoitering the position it was ascertained that there were corralled in the canon 80 wagons and one field
piece, all in charge of
Page 539 Chapter XXI. ENGAGEMENT OF VALVERDE, N. MEX.
some 200 men. The command was given to charge, and the troops started upon double-quick. Captain Wynkoop, with
30 of his men, were deployed to the mountain side to silence their guns by picking off their gunners, which they did
effectually, Captain Lewis capturing and spiking the gun after having five shots discharged at him. The remainder of the
command surrounded the wagons and buildings, killing 3 and wounding several of the enemy. The wagons were all
heavily loaded with ammunition, clothing, subsistence, and forage, all of which were burned upon the spot or rendered
entirely useless. During the engagement one of the wagons containing ammunition exploded, severely wounding
Private Ritter, of Company A, First Colorado Volunteers; the only person injured. We retook 5 privates, who had been
taken in the forenoon in the battle between Slough's and Scurry's forces, from whom reaching the summit of the
mountain we were met by Lieutenant Cobb, bringing an order from Colonel Slough for our advance to support the main
column, which we hastened to obey. We also took 17 prisoners, and captured about thirty horses and mules, which
were in a corral in the vicinity of the wagons.
Both officers and men performed their duty efficiently. Captain Lewis had the most dangerous duty assigned him, which
he performed with unfaltering heroism. I repeat, all, ALL did well. the command returned to Camp Lewis about 10
o'clock p. m. the same day.
I am, general, with much respect, your obedient servant,
J. M. CHIVINGTON,
Major, First Regiment Colorado Volunteers.
P. S.- I ought in justice to say that a Mr. Collins, in some way connected with Indian affairs in this Territory, and one of
Colonel Slough's volunteer aides, by his own request and Colonel Slough's desire accompanied the command, and
gave evidence that he was a brave man, and did us good service as a guide and interpreter, though he did not burn
the train or cause it to be done.
J. M. C.
27 killed; 63 wounded. Total, 90.
Numbers 4. Report of Captain John F. Ritter, Fifteenth U. S. Infantry, commanding light battery.
FORT UNION, N. MEX., May 16, 1862.
SIR: Pursuant to a letter dated Headquarters, Department of New Mexico, Santa Fe, N. Mex., May 15, 1862, I have the
honor to submit the following report:
The light battery which I commanded in the action of Pigeon's Ranch was composed of two 12-pounder howitzers and
two 6-pounder guns, without caissons, there being none then in the department. Its total strength consisted of 3
commissioned officers, besides myself, were First Lieutenant P. McGrath, Sixth Cavalry, and Second Lieutenant R. S.
Underhill, Fourth New Mexico Volunteers. The order for the formation of this battery was dated March 9, 1862, and on
March 23 it was ordered with Colonel Slough's column into the field. On March 28 the enemy was reported in advance,
and the battery was ordered to the front to a position in the road a few hundred yards west of
Page 540 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. Chapter XXI.
Pigeon's Ranch, where it commenced fire upon the enemy. After firing a number of rounds I was ordered to take
position farther to the rear and south of the road, some distance from it. Here I was exposed to a galling fire without
being able to return it effectually, the enemy being some distance off and entire sheltered by threes, &c., and I was also
some distance from my ammunition wagons. The supports to the battery were all ordered away with the exception of
about one platoon of Colorado Volunteers, and I deemed it proper to return to the road, which I did after firing a few
rounds. It was here that Lieutenant McGrath was fatally wounded. I then took position nearly in front of Pigeon's Ranch,
and established one 6-pounder in the road, while the limber-boxes of the pieces, two at a time, went to the rear to be
replenished. Here one of the enemy's pieces was dismounted by a round shot striking it full in the muzzle, and another
was disabled and a limber-box was blown up by a case shot striking it. Private Kelley, Company E, Fifth Infantry, was
gunner at the piece which did this execution.
From here I was ordered by Captain Chapin to cross the ravine to the other side of the canon and take up a position
there, which I did. Lieutenant Claflin's mountain howitzer battery joined and took position with me. The enemy here
made a desperate charge on the batteries, and was repulsed with, I think, great loss. The enemy then got on the rocky
hill on my right flank, and was pouring to destructive fire of small-arms in the batteries and killed two horses, so that I
deemed it proper to withdraw from my position. Private G. H. Smith, Company E, Fifth Infantry, was killed, and Privates
Raleigh and Woolsey, same company, and Private Leddy, Company I, Second Cavalry, were wounded at this place. I
then took position some distance farther to the rear (this position was selected by Captain G. Chapin, Seventh Infantry)
in front of a deep ravine, where the supports were entirely sheltered from the enemy's fire. The supply train was in the
road about 40 yards from the left of the battery. The enemy here made another desperate charge on the battery, and
apparently also the train, but was again repulsed, with, I think, great loss and in great disorder. This was my last
position, and I heard no more firing from either side afterwards. The command then retired for the day to Kozlowski's.
I wish to state in conclusion that I had made a night march the night before the action, and did not get into camp until 4
p. m., and officers and men were necessarily much fatigued. I was very much impeded in my movements by reason of
the deficiency of caissons.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN F. RITTER,
Captain, Fifteenth Infantry, Commanding Light Battery.
Captain G. CHAPIN,
Seventh Inf., A. A. A. G., Dept. of N. Mex., Santa Fe, N. Mex.
Numbers 5. Report of Brigadier General Henry H. Sibley, C. S. Army.
HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE NEW MEXICO,
Albuquerque, N. Mex., March 31, 1862.
GENERAL: I have the honor and the pleasure to report another victory.
After the battle of Valverde our advance was uninterrupted to this
Page 541 Chapter XXI. ENGAGEMENT OF VALVERDE, N. MEX.
city. Here sufficient supplies were secured for sixty days, while from Cubero, a village 60 miles distant, large supplies
have been drawn from the enemy's depot. We have been surrounded with every description of embarrassment,
general and individual. Whole trains had been abandoned, and scantily provided, as they had originally been, with
blankets and clothing, the men had, without a murmur, given up the little left them. More than all this, on the
representation of their officers that forage could not be procured with one accord the regiment agreed to be
dismounted.
These preliminary facts are stated because it is due to the brave men under my command that they should be known
and the hand-to-hand desperate contests duly appreciated.
The battle of Glorieta was fought March 28 by detached troops, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Scurry, and
Federal forces, principally Pike's Peakers, under the command of Colonel Slough; the one having 1,000 men and the
other estimated at 1,500 or 2,000. Glorieta is a canon 23 miles east of Santa Fe.
Pending the battle the enemy detached a portion of his force to attack and destroy our supply train, which he
succeeded in doing, thus crippling Colonel Scurry to such a degree that he was two days without provisions or
blankets. The patient, uncomplaining endurance of our men is most remarkable and praiseworthy.
Our loss was 33 milled and 35 wounded. Among the killed are Majors Ragnet and Shropshire and Captain Buckholts.
Colonel Scurry had his cheek twice grazed by Minie balls, and Major Pyron had his horse killed under him.
In consequence of the loss of his train Colonel Scurry has fallen back upon Santa Fe.
I must have re-enforcements. The future operations of this army will be duly reported. Send me re-enforcements.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. H. SIBLEY,
Brigadier-General, Commanding.
General S. COOPER,
Adjutant and Inspector General, Richmond, Va.
Numbers 6. Reports of Colonel W. R. Scurry, Fourth Texas Cavalry.
SANTA FE, N. MEX., March 30, 1862.
GENERAL: I arrived here this morning with my command and have taken quarters for the present in this city. I will in a
short time give you an official account of the battle of Glorieta, which occurred on day before yesterday, in the Canon
Glorieta, about 22 miles from this city, between the Confederate troops under my command and the Federal forces,
commanded by Colonel Slough, of the Colorado Volunteers, (Pike's Peakers), when another victory was added to the
long list of Confederate triumphs.
The action commenced at about 11 o'clock and ended at 5.30, and, although every inch of the ground was well
contested, we steadily drove them back until they were in full retreat our men pursuing until from sheer exhaustion we
were compelled to stop.
Our loss was 33 killed and I believe, 35 wounded. Among the killed
Page 542 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. Chapter XXI.
was that brave soldier and accomplished officer Major Ragnet, the gallant and impetuous Major Shropshire, and the
daring Captain Buckholts, all of whom fell gallantry leading the men around against the foe. Major Pyron had his horse
shot under him, and my own cheek was twice brushed by a Minie ball, each time just drawing blood, and my clothes torn
in two places. I mention this simply to show how hot was the fire of the enemy when all of the field officers upon the
ground were either killed or touched. As soon as I can procure a full report of all the casualties I will forward them.
Our train was burned by a party who succeeded in passing undiscovered around the mountains to our rear. I regret to
have to report that they fired upon and severely wounded Rev. L. H. Jones, our chaplain, of the Fourth Regiment. He
was holding in his hand a white flag when fire upon.
The loss of the enemy was very severe, being over 75 killed and a large number wounded.
The loss of my supplies so crippled me that after burying my dead I was unable to follow up the victory. My men for two
days went unfed and blanketless unmurmuringly. I was compelled to come here for something to eat.
At last accounts the Federalists were still retiring towards Fort Union.
The men at the train blew up the limber-box and spiked the 6-pounder I had left at the train, so that it was rendered
useless, and the cart-burners left it.
Lieutenant Bennett writes for more ammunition. Please have it sent. As soon as I am fixed for it I wish to get after them
again.
From three sources, all believe to be reliable, Canby left Craig on the 24th.
Yours, in haste,
W. R. SCURRY.
P. S.- I do not know if I write intelligently. I have not slept for three nights, and can scarcely hold my eyes open.
W. R. S.
SANTA FE, N. MEX., March 31, 1862.
MAJOR: Late on the afternoon of the 26th, while encamped at Gallisteo, and express from Major Pyron arrived, with the
information that the major was engaged in a sharp conflict with a greatly superior force of the enemy, about 16 miles
distant, and urging me to hasten to his relief. The critical condition of Major Pyron and his gallant comrades was made
known to the command, and in ten minutes the column was formed and the order to march given. Our baggage train
was sent forward under a guard of 100 men, under the command of Lieutenant Taylor, of the Seventh Regiment, to a
point some 6 miles in the rear of Major Pyron's position, the main command marching directly across the mountains to
the scene of conflict. It is due to the brave men making this cold night march to state that where the road over the
mountain was too steep for the horses to drag the artillery they were unharnessed, and the men cheerfully pulled it
over the difficulties of the way by hand.
About 3 o'clock in the morning we reached Major Pyron's encampment at Johnson's Ranch, Canon Cito. There had
been an agreed ces-
Page 543 Chapter XXI. ENGAGEMENT OF VALVERDE, N. MEX.
sation of hostilities until 8 o'clock the next morning. Too much praise cannot be bestowed upon the courage of the
officers and men engaged in the affair of the 26th.
As soon as daylight enabled me I made a thorough examination of the ground, and so formed the troops as to
command every approach to the position we occupied, which was naturally a very strong one. The disposition of the
troops was soon completed, and by 8 o'clock were ready to receive the expected attack.
In this position we remained until the next morning. The enemy still not making their appearance, I concluded to march
forward and attack them. Leaving a small wagon guard, I marched in their direction with portions of nine companies of
the Fourth Regiment, under their respective officers, Captain [George J.] Hampton, Lesueur, Foard, Crosson, Julius
Giesecke, Alexander, Buckholts, [J. M.] Odell, and Lieutenant Holland, of Company B, Captain Scarborough being
unwell; four companies of the Seventh Regiment, under Captains [Gustav] Hoffman, [J. W.] Gardner, [J. F.] Wiggins,
and [Isaac] Adair; four companies of the Fifth Regiment, under Captain [Denman] Shannon and [Daniel H.] Ragsdale
and Lieuts. Pleasant J. Oakes and John J. Scott; three pieces of artillery, under Lieutenant Bradford, together with
Captain Phillips' company if independent volunteers.
From details and other causes they were reduced until (all combined) they did not number over 600 men fit for duty. At
about 6 miles from our camp the advance guard gave notice that the enemy were near in force. I hastened in front to
examine their position, and found they were about 1 mile west of Pigeon's Ranch, in Canon Glorieta. The mounted men
who were marching in front were ordered to retire slowly to the rear, dismount, and come into action on foot. The
artillery was pushed forward to a slight elevation in the canon and immediately opened fire. The infantry was rapidly
deployed into line, extending across the canon from a fence on our left up into the pine forest on our right.
About the time these dispositions were made the enemy rapidly advanced in separate columns both upon our right and
left. I dispatched Major Pyron to the right to check them in that direction, and placing the center in command of Major
Ragnet I hastened with the remainder of the command to the left. A large body of infantry, availing themselves of a
gulch that ran up the center of an inclosed field to our left, were moving under its cover past our left flank to the rear of
our position. Crossing the fence on foot, we advanced over the clearing some 200 yards under a heavy fire from the
foe, and dashed into the gulch in their midst, pistol and knife in hand. For a few moments a most desperate and deadly
hand-to-hand conflict raged along the gulch, when they broke before the steady courage of our men and fled in the
wildest disorder and confusion.
Major Pyron was equally successful, and Major Ragnet with his force charged rapidly down the center. Lieutenant
Bradford, of the artillery, had been wounded and borne from the field. There being no other officer of the artillery
present, three guns, constituting our battery, had been hastily withdrawn before I was aware of it. Sending to the rear to
have two of the guns brought back to the field a pause was made to reunite our forces, which had become somewhat
scattered in the last rencounter. When we were ready to advance the enemy had taken cover, and it was impossible to
tell whether their main body was sta-
Page 544 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. Chapter XXI.
tioned behind a long adobe wall that ran nearly across the canon or had taken position behind a large ledge of rocks in
the rear. Private W. D. Kirk, of Captain Phillips' company, had taken charge of one of the guns, and Sergeant Patrick,
of the artillery, another, and brought them to the ground.
While trying by the fire of these two guns to ascertain the locality of the enemy, Major Shropshire was sent to the right,
with orders to move up among the pines until he should find the enemy, when he was to attack them on that flank.
Major Ragnet, with similar orders, was dispatched to the left. I informed these gallant officers that as soon as the sound
of their guns was heard I would charge in front with the remainder of the command. Sending Major Pyron to the
assistance of Major Ragnet, and leaving instruction for the center to charge as the fire opened on the right, I passed in
that direction to learn the cause of delay in making the assault. I found that the gallant Major Shropshire had been
killed. I took command of the right and immediately attacked the enemy who were at the ranch. Majors Ragnet and
Pyron opened a galling fire upon their left from the rock on the mountain side, and the center charging down the road,
the foe were driven from the ranch to the ledge of rocks before alluded to, where they made their final and most
desperate stand. At this point three batteries of eight guns opened a furious fire of grape, canister, and shell upon our
advancing troops.
Our brave soldiers, heedless fo the storm, pressed on, determined if possible to take their battery. A heavy body of
infantry, twice our number, interposed to save their guns. Here the conflict was terrible. Our men and officers, alike
inspired with the unalterable determination to overcome every obstacle to the attainment of their object, dashed among
them. The right and center had united on the left. The intrepid Ragnet and the cool, calm, courageous Pyron had
pushed forward among the rocks until the muzzles of the guns of the opposing forces passed each other. Inch by inch
was the ground disputed, until the artillery of the enemy had time to escape with a number of their wagons. The infantry
also broke ranks and fled from the field. So precipitate was their flight that they cut loose their teams and set fire to two
of their wagons. The pursuit was kept up until forced to halt from the extreme exhaustion of the men, who had been
engaged for six hours in the hardest contested fight it had ever been my lot to witness. The enemy is now known to
have numbered 1,400 men, Pike's Peak miners and regulars, the flower of the U. S. Army.
During the action a part of the enemy succeeded in reaching our rear, surprising the wagon guard, and burning our
wagons, taking at the same time some 16 prisoners. About this time a party of prisoners, whom I had sent to the rear,
reached there, and informed them how the fight was going in front; whereupon they beat a hasty retreat, not, however,
until the perpetration of two acts which the most barbarous savage of the plains would blush to own. One was the
shooting and dangerously wounding of the Rev. L. H. Jones, chaplain of the Fourth Regiment, with a white flag in his
hand; the other an order that the prisoners they had taken be shot in case they were attacked on their retreat. These
instances go to prove that they have lost all sense of humanity in the insane hatred they bear to the citizens of the
Confederacy, who have the manliness to arm in defense of their country's independence.
We remained upon the battle-field during the day of the 29th to bury our dead and provide for the comfort of the
wounded, and then
Page 545 Chapter XXI. ENGAGEMENT OF VALVERDE, N. MEX.
marched to Santa Fe, to procure supplies and transportation to replace those destroyed by the enemy.
Our loss was 36 killed and 60 wounded. Of the killed 24 were of the Fourth Regiment, 1 of the Fifth Regiment, 8 of the
Seventh Regiment, and 1 of the artillery.
That of the enemy greatly exceeded this number, 44 of their dead being counted where the battle first opened. Their
killed must have considerably exceeded 100.
The country has to mourn the loss of four as brave and chivalrous officers as ever graced the ranks of any army. The
gallant Major Shropshire fell early, pressing upon the foe and cheering his men on. The brave and chivalrous Major
Ragnet fell mortally wounded while engaged in the last and most desperate conflict of the day. He survived long
enough to know and rejoice at our victory, and then died with loving messages upon his expiring lips. The brave, gallant
Captain Buckholts and Lieutenant Mills conducted themselves with distinguished gallantry throughout the fight and fell
near its close. Of the living it is only necessary to say all behaved with distinguished courage and daring.
This battle proves conclusively that few mistakes were made in the selection of the officers in this command. They were
ever in the front, leading their men into the hottest of the fray. It is not too much to say that, even in the midst of this
heroic band, among whom instances of individual daring and personal prowess were constantly occurring, Major Pyron
was distinguished by the calm intrepidity of his bearing. It is due to Adjt. Ellsberry R. Lane to bear testimony to the
courage and activity he displayed in the discharge of his official duties, and to acknowledge my obligations for the
manner in which he carried out my orders.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. R. SCURRY,
Colonel, Commanding Army of New Mexico.
Major A. M. JACKSON,
Assistant Adjutant-General, Army of New Mexico.
Series I, Vol. IX, Part I
Page 530 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. Chapter XXI.
MARCH 26, 1862.- Skirmish at Apache Canon, N. Mex.
REPORTS.*
Numbers 1.- Major John M. Chivington, First Colorado Infantry.
Numbers 2.- Captain Charles J. Walker, Second U. S. Cavalry, including engagement at Glorieta, March 28.
Numbers 1. Report of Major John M. Chivington, First Colorado Infantry.
CAMP LEWIS, NEAR PECOS CHURCH, N. MEX.,
March 26, 1862.
GENERAL: I have the honor to submit to you the following report of the troops under my command on the 26th of
March, 1862, at the battle of Apache Canon:
The force consisted as follows: Company A, 60 men, Captain Wynkoop; Company E, 60 men, Captain Anthony, and 60
men of Company D, Captain Downing, of the First Regiment Colorado Infantry Volunteers, and 28 men of Company C,
6 men of Company D, 6 men of Company -, 10 men of Company K, Third Cavalry, under Captain Howland and
Lieutenants Wall and Falvey; 50 men of Company E, Third Cavalry, commanded by Captain Walker and Lieutenant
Banks; 50 men of Companies D and G, First Cavalry, under Captain Lord and Lieutenant Bernard (all of the U. S.
Army), and 88 men of Company F, First Regiment Cavalry Colorado Volunteers, under Captain Cook and Lieutenants
Nelson and Marshall; making the total force on our side 418 men. We marched from Bernal Springs for Santa Fe at 3
o'clock p. m. of the 25th instant, intending to surprise the enemy in small force at that place. After march of 35 miles,
and learning we were in the vicinity of the enemy's pickets, we halted about midnight, and at 2 o'clock a. m. on the 26th
Lieutenant Nelson, with 20 men, was sent out to surprise their pickets, which they did, and captured them at 10 o'clock
a. m. The detachment again moved forward, and just as we entered the canon (Apache) discovered the advance guard
of the foe and captured two lieutenants. In a few minutes they planted their battery and began to throw grape and shell
among us. In double-quick Companies A and E, First Colorado volunteers, were deployed as skirmishers to the left and
on the mountain side, and Company D, First Colorado Volunteers, was deployed as skirmishers to the right on the
mountain side, and an order was given that the cavalry be held
---------------
*This skirmish is also mentioned in Slough's and Scurry's reports of engagement, March 28, at Glorieta, N. Mex.
---------------
Page 531 Chapter XXI. ENGAGEMENT OF VALVERDE, N. MEX.
in readiness to charge whenever the cannon were about to retreat. Soon our men from the mountain sides made it took
hot for their gunners, and they fell back about 1 1/2 miles and took another and more advantageous position,
completely covering the sides of the mountains with their skirmishers to support their guns in the canon below them.
Having mean time assembled our skirmishers in the canon, we again deployed Company D, First Colorado Volunteers,
on the right, and Companies A and E, First Colorado Volunteers, on the left, and dismounted all the cavalry and
deployed them as skirmishers, except Company F, First Colorado Volunteers, Captain Cook, who was ordered to
charge them the moment they gave way before the fire of our infantry. After a contest of an hour they began to prepare
for another retreat, and by this time Company D, Captain Downing, had well nigh flanked them, so as to cut off their
retreat, Captain Cook and Lieutenants Nelson and Marshall leading the way. Company F now made a flying charge on
the enemy, running over and trampling them under the horses' feet. Captain Downing with his men, and Lieutenant
Bernard with Company C, Third Cavalry, poured into him a sharp fire from the right, which drove him up a canon on the
left side of the main canon, when Companies A and E, First Colorado Volunteers, took a large number of prisoners. It
now being sundown, and we not knowing how near the enemy's re-enforcements might be, and having no cannon to
oppose theirs, hastened to gather up our dead and wounded and several of the enemy's, and then fell back to
Pigeon's Ranch and encamped for the night.
Our loss was 5 killed and 14 wounded. The loss of the enemy was, as we ascertained from their own accounts, 32
killed, 43 wounded, and 71 taken prisoners.
I am, sir, with much respect, your obedient servant,
J. M. CHIVINGTON,
Major, First Regiment Colorado Volunteers.
Brigadier General E. R. S. CANBY, U. S. A.,
Commanding Department New Mexico, Santa Fe, N. Mex.
Numbers 2. Report of Captain Charles J. Walker, Second U. S. Cavalry, including engagement at Glorieta, March 28.
FORT CRAIG, N. MEX., May 20, 1862.
SIR: In compliance with orders from the Headquarters of the South Military District, Fort Craig, N. Mex., of May 18, 1862,
requiring a detailed report of the operations of my company or command in the recent actions of Apache Canon and
Pigeon's Ranch, I have the honor to state that on the morning of the 26th of March last my company, forming a part of
the cavalry command under Captain G. W. Howland, Third Cavalry, moved from Gray's Ranch, near the old Pecos
Church, in the direction of Johnson's Ranch, in Apache Canon, a point near which we reached about 2 o'clock p. m. We
here discovered the enemy, about 250 or 300 strong, some 400 or 500 yards in front of us. They had two pieces of
artillery in position on the road, and were awaiting us. As soon as our column appeared they opened fire with their
battery, and, though they kept it up between five and ten minutes at close range, did us no damage. They then retired
with their guns, and our
Page 532 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. Chapter XXI.
entire force, infantry and cavalry, advanced about 600 or 800 yards farther on the road. At this point my company was
ordered to dismount and assist Captain Wynkoop's company of Colorado Volunteers in clearing the hills to the left and
front of our position. Some little skirmishing occurred after this at long range, but the enemy fell back so rapidly that we
scarcely got sight of them.
By this time the firing had ceased at every point of the field and the troops were recalled to the road, where my
company remained until about 9.30 o'clock that night, when I retired to Pigeon's Ranch and rejoined Colonel
Chivington. Next morning we marched to old Pecos Church, at which place Colonel Slough untied all of the forces. On
the following morning (March 28) the entire command, my company in advance, moved to Pigeon's Ranch, where we
halted about an hour and a half, after which we started on. We had not, however, proceeded more than 600 or 700
yards before we discovered the enemy in force immediately in front of us. They, as on the 26th, had their artillery (three
pieces) in the road, ready to receive us. As soon as I our left, and dismounted my company and commenced
skirmishing on foot. About this time Captain Ritter's battery arrived, and, supported by the infantry, took position in the
road on my right. As soon as he opened on the enemy's guns my company was ordered to mount and follow the
colonel commanding. I followed Colonel Slough, in obedience to this order, for a half of three-quarters of an hour, by
which time the action had become general. I was then ordered to occupy the high ridge running obliquely back from the
road and on the right of Pigeon's house. I did so, and held that position during the remainder of the day, or at least until
our forces had retired from the field. While in this position we at several times during the day had some skirmishing with
the enemy in small parties. The company, though under fire a great part of the day, accomplished nothing that I
remember of special importance, though they did all that the position assigned them required. The officer (Lieutenant
Sidney Banks) and men behaved handsomely whenever brought under the enemy's fire, and gave every evidence of a
willingness and determination to do any duty that might be required of them. The strength of the company (E, Third U.
S. Cavalry) during these two actions was one officer (Lieutenant Sidney Banks, Third Cavalry) besides myself and
about 40 or 45 enlisted men.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
C. J. WALKER,
Second Cavalry, Commanding Company E, Third Cavalry.
Lieutenant N. M. MACRAE,
Fourth New Mexico Volunteers, Act. Asst. Adjt. General
MARCH 28, 1862.- Engagement of Glorieta, or Pigeon's Ranch, N. Mex.
REPORTS.
Numbers 1.- Colonel John P. Slough, First Colorado Infantry.
Numbers 2.- Lieutenant Colonel Samuel F. Tappan, First Colorado Infantry.
Numbers 3.- Major John M. Chivington, First Colorado Infantry.
Numbers 4.- Captain John F. Ritter, Fifteenth U. S. Infantry, commanding light battery.
Numbers 5.- Brigadier General Henry H. Sibley, C. S. Army.
Numbers 6.- Colonel William R. Scurry, Fourth Texas Cavalry.
Page 533 Chapter XXI. ENGAGEMENT OF VALVERDE, N. MEX.
Numbers 1. Reports of Colonel John P. Slough, First Colorado Infantry.
KOZLOWSKI'S RANCH, March 29, 1862.
COLONEL: Learning from our spies that the enemy, about 1,000 strong, were in the Apache Canon and at Johnston's
Ranch beyond, I concluded to reconnoiter in force, with a view of ascertaining the position of the enemy and of
harassing them as much as possible; hence left this place with my command, nearly 1,300 strong, at 8 o'clock
yesterday morning. To facilitate the reconnaissance I sent Major J. M. Chivington, First Regiment Colorado Volunteers,
by a road running to the left of the canon and nearly parallel thereto, with about 430 officers and picked men, with
instructions to push forward to Johnson's. With the remainder of the command I entered the canon, and had attained
but a short distance when our pickets announced that the enemy was near and had taken position in a thick grove of
trees, with their line extending from mesa to mesa across the canon, and their battery, consisting of four pieces, placed
in position. I at once detailed a considerable force of flankers, placed the batteries in position, and placed the cavalry -
nearly all dismounted - and the remainder of the infantry in position to support the batteries.
Before the arrangement of my forces was completed the enemy opened fire upon us. The action began about 10
o'clock and continued until after 4 p. m. The character of the country was such as to make the engagement of the
bushwhacking kind. Hearing of the success of Major Chivington's command, and the object of our movement being
successful, we fell back in order to our camp. Our loss in killed is probably 20, including Lieutenant Baker, or Company
I, Colorado Volunteers; in wounded probably 50, including Lieutenant Chambers, of Company C, Colorado Volunteers,
and Lieutenant McGrath, U. S. Army, who was serving with Captain Ritter's battery; in missing probably 30. The
enemy's loss is in killed from 40 to 60 and wounded probably over 100. In addition we took some 25 prisoners and
rendered unfit for service three pieces of their artillery. We took and destroyed their train of about 60 wagons, with their
contents, consisting of ammunition, subsistence, forage, clothing, officers' baggage, &c. Among the killed of the enemy
2 majors, 2 captains and among the enemy made three attempts to take our batteries and were repelled in each with
severe loss.
The strength of the enemy, as received from spies and prisoners, in the canon was altogether some 1,200 or 1,300,
some 200 of whom were at or near Johnson's Ranch, and were engaged by Major Chivington's command.
The officers and men behaved nobly. My thanks are due to my staff officers for the courage and ability with which they
assisted me in conducting the engagement.
As soon as all the details are ascertained I will send an official report of the engagement.
Very respectfully,
JNO P. SLOUGH,
Colonel, Commanding Northern Division, Army of New Mexico.
Colonel E. R. S. CANBY,
Commanding Department of New Mexico.
Page 534 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. Chapter XXI.
HEADQUARTERS NORTHERN DIVISION, U. S. FORCES,
San Jose, N. Mex., March 30, 1862.
SIR: As the department commander is at Fort Craig, beyond the lines of the enemy, I have the honor to submit direct a
synopsis of the military operations of the division since its organization at Fort Union. When an opportunity occurs a
complete report will be submitted through the proper channels.
After the arrival of the First Regiment Colorado Volunteers at Fort Union I found that Colonel Paul, Fourth Regiment
New Mexico Volunteers, had completed the preliminary arrangements for throwing a column of troops into the field, and
by seniority of volunteer commission I claimed the command. Accordingly the following division was organized and I
assumed the command of the whole: First Colorado Volunteers, aggregate 916; Captain Lewis' battalion Fifth Infantry
and Captain Ford's company volunteers (Fourth New Mexico), three companies, 191; Captain Howland's cavalry
detachment of First and Third Cavalry and Company E, Third Cavalry, 150; Captain Ritter's battery, four guns, 53;
Lieutenant Claflin's battery, four small howitzers, 32. Total, 1,342.
The movement commenced from Fort Union of Saturday, the 22nd March, and the command encamped at Bernal
Springs, 45 miles from Union, on Thursday, the 25th instant. On Wednesday, the 26th instant, a command of 200
cavalry and 180 infantry, under Major Chivington, was advanced toward Santa Fe, with a view of capturing or defeating
a force of the enemy reported to be stationed there. The enemy in force was engaged near Johnson's Ranch, Apache
Canon, about 15 miles on this side of Santa Fe. The result was victorious to our forces. The enemy was defeated, with
some 20 to 25 killed, more wounded, and about 70 prisoners, who fell into our hands. Our loss was small - 3 men killed
in battle, 2 since died, and some 8 other wounded. Among the wounded is Captain Cook, Colorado Volunteers, badly. I
regret to report that Lieutenant Marshall, Colorado Volunteers, accidentally shot himself while breaking a loaded
musket which he held in his hand by the muzzle. Having accomplished this, Major Chivington's command took position
on the Pecos, at Kozlowski's Ranch, 27 miles from Santa Fe.
About noon on the 27th I left Camp Paul, at Bernal Springs, and about 2 o'clock next morning I had posted my entire
force at Kozlowski's. On the 28th a movement was made upon the enemy in two columns, with a view of reconnoitering
his position at Johnson's Ranch. Fort this purpose an infantry force of regulars and volunteers, under Major Chivington,
was directed to move off on the Gallisteo road, attain the principal heights upon the side of Apache Canon, and occupy
them, while the main body, under my command, moved directly into the canon. It was known before this movement was
made that the enemy had been strongly re-enforced, and his estimated strength was from 1,200 to 1,400.
At 9 o'clock we left our encampment, and at 10.30 a. m. we arrived at Pigeon's Ranch, 5 miles distant, the command
under Major Chivington having flanked off at a point about 2 miles beyond Kozlowski's. We had just reached Pigeon's
when I directed Captain Chapin, Seventh Infantry, adjutant-general, to proceed forward with the cavalry and
reconnoiter the position of the enemy. He had proceeded but about 300 yards when our pickets were driven in, and the
enemy opened a fire of grape and shell from a battery carefully placed in position upon the hill-side above. The
batteries were brought forward and the infantry thrown out upon the flanks. The cavalry, with an addition of infantry,
Page 535 Chapter XXI. ENGAGEMENT OF VALVERDE, N. MEX.
supported the batteries, and the firing became general. The battle continued over five hours. The fighting was all done
in thick covers of cedars, and having met the enemy where he was not expected the action was defensive from its
beginning to its end. Major Chivington's command continued on toward Johnson's, where some 200 or the enemy were
posted, and fell upon the enemy's train of 60 wagons, capturing and destroying it and capturing and destroying one
6-pounder gun, and taking 2 officers and about 15 men prisoners. The loss of this train was a most serious disaster to
the enemy, destroying his baggage and ammunition, and depriving him of provisions, of which he was short. Much
praise is due to the officers and men of Major Chivington's command.
About 5 o'clock p. m. a flag of truce came from the enemy, and measures were taken by both forces to gather up the
dead and take care of the wounded. Our loss is not great. We have 1 officer (Lieutenant Baker, Colorado Volunteers)
killed and 2 (Lieutenants McGrath, U. S. Army, and Lieutenant Chambers, Colorado Volunteers) wounded; 28 men
killed and 40 wounded. We lost some 15 prisoners. the loss of the enemy is great. His killed amount to at least 100, his
wounded at least 150, and 1 captain and several men prisoners. He is still burying his dead. It is claimed in the battles
of the 26th and 28th together that we damaged the enemy at least 350 killed, wounded, and prisoners, and have
destroyed their entire train and three pieces of artillery - one by Major Chivington and two by our batteries. We have
killed 5 of their officers - 2 majors, 1 captain, and 2 lieutenants - and have captured 5 more - 2 captains and 3
lieutenants. This has been done with the purpose of annoying and harassing the enemy and under orders from Colonel
Canby, commanding department. But as the instructions from him are to protect Fort Union at all hazards and leave
nothing to chance, and as the numbers and position of the enemy in a mountain canon are too strong to make a battle
with my force, I shall now occupy a position to protect Fort Union and at the same time harass and damage the enemy.
Officers and men, regulars and volunteers, all acquitted themselves handsomely during bothy engagements. It is
especially proper that praise should be accorded Captain Ritter and Lieutenant Claflin, U. S. Army, for the efficient
manner in which they handled their batteries during the battle of the 28th instant.
I desire to notice the members of my staff for the efficient manner in which they assisted me in the battle of Pigeon's
Ranch, and especially Captain Chapin, U. S. Army, assistant adjutant-general; Lieutenants Bonesteel and Cobb, of the
Colorado Volunteers, and Mr. J. Howe Watts, volunteer aide, upon all of whom fell the heavier portion of dangerous
duty during the battle, and whose intelligent, courageous, and prompt action contributed much towards the result
attained.
In conclusion, I would add that to Captain Chapin, whose connection with me was the most intimate, and upon whom fell
the burden of duty, I owe and return especial thanks.
I have the honor to be, with much respect, your obedient servant,
JNO P. SLOUGH,
Colonel First Regiment Colorado Volunteers, Commanding.
The ADJUTANT-GENERAL U. S. ARMY,
Washington City, D. C.
Page 536 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. Chapter XXI.
Numbers 2. Report of Lieutenant Colonel Samuel F. Tappan, First Colorado Infantry.
SANTA FE, N. MEX., May 21, 1862.
In compliance with orders just received from department headquarters I have the honor herewith to submit report of
engagement at Glorieta, or Pigeon's Ranch, on the 28th March last, between the forces of the enemy, under Colonel
Scurry, and Colonel Slough's column of Colorado Volunteers, Howland's cavalry, Ritter's and Claflin's batteries, of four
guns each.
On the morning of the day last mentioned I was assigned to the immediate command of a battalion of infantry,
consisting of Companies C, Captain Sopris; D, Captain Downing; G, Captain Wilder, I, Captain Maile, and K, Captain
Robbins, First Colorado Volunteers. A battery of four guns - two 12-pounder mountain howitzers, Lieutenant Claflin, U.
S. Regular Army, were attached to my command. We marched out of camp near the Old Pecos Church, Howland's
cavalry in advance, and proceeded about 5 miles down the road toward Santa Fe to Glorieta, situated in a deep,
narrow, and thickly-wounded canon. while my command was at a rest information of the immediate presence of the
enemy was brought by some pickets falling back on Captain Howland's advance. They reported the enemy in position
in the timber about 800 yards in advance. My command was immediately formed, and in obedience to the orders of
Colonel Slough I advanced half that distance at a double-quick, where the batteries were stationed on a slight elevation
in and to the left of the road. Company D deployed to the left and Company I to the right, to occupy the hill-sides as
skirmishers; Company C was assigned to the support of Ritter's and Company K Claflin's batteries. The enemy were
concealed among the trees, and opened fire upon us with their batteries, which was promptly returned by ours, and our
skirmishers from the hill-sides discharged volley after volley among the enemy with telling effect.
Company I, in deploying to the right, passed an opening commanded by the enemy's batteries and suffered severely.
They, however, reached the position assigned them and did excellent service. Occupied this position for nearly half an
hour, when the order was given to fall back to a new position in front of and near the house of Mr. Pigeon. Claflin's
battery took position on an eminence to the left and Ritter's occupied the road. At this juncture Company G, that
morning detailed as rear guard, came up, and were assigned with Company C to support Ritter's battery. Subsequently
the first platoon of this company, commanded by Captain Wilder, was ordered by Colonel Slough to deploy to the right
as skirmishers. The enemy advanced and occupied the position we had left, and the firing was renewed and kept up a
considerable time. Then our batteries fell back to their third position.
While the batteries occupied their second position Captain Chapin and myself were requested to accompany Colonel
Slough up the hill to the right to reconnoiter. It was there suggested to the colonel the necessity of occupying the hill to
the left with skirmishers, to prevent the enemy from outflanking us in that direction, to fall upon our rear, and destroy
our train, and it would also afford support to our batteries. He thereupon ordered me to take 20 men from Captain
Sopris' company and take position on the hill. these men were furnished, and not considering them sufficient I took the
police guard, not yet assigned
Page 537 Chapter XXI. ENGAGEMENT OF VALVERDE, N. MEX.
to any special duty, numbering about 70 men, and with them took position in front of and to the left of the batteries on
the summit of the hill, extending my line of skirmishers for nearly three-quarters of a mile in a half circle and at nearly a
right angle from the road occupied by our train of 100 wagons. This position commanded the valley in part, and the
irregularities of the surface afforded excellent protection for the men from the fire of the enemy. Remained here for
about four hours. Occasionally small parties of the enemy would attempt to ascend the hill toward my line, but were
driven back as often as they made their appearance.
Before the batteries had fallen back to their third position I noticed 200 or 300 of the enemy nearly a mile off
assembling. Apprehending that they were preparing to charge our batteries, I descended to the valley and
communicated my apprehensions to Colonel Slough. Soon after, returning to the position assigned me on the hill, I
received information from Colonel Slough that the enemy evidently intended to charge my skirmishers to get my
position, from which they could assault our battery and train; was ordered to hold it at all hazards, for all depended
upon it; also to be in readiness to advance and attack the enemy's flank when he should charge him in front, which he
designed doing as soon as Major Chivington should attack him in rear, which he expended every moment. About half
an hour afterward a party approached my line, dressed in the uniform of the Colorado volunteers, requesting us not to
shoot, as they were our own men. They were allowed to come within a few paces of us, when, not giving satisfactory
answers to interrogations in reference to their commanders and recognizing them as Texans, my men were ordered to
fire. The enemy suddenly disappeared, leaving several dead and wounded. Apprehending at this time the arrival of
Major Chivington with his command to attack the enemy's rear and that some of his men might get in our front while
deployed as skirmishers, I was therefore extremely cautious not to give the order to fire on parties approaching until
they were near enough to be recognized.
At the time the enemy charged our battery a battalion of the enemy made its appearance among the trees before us,
approaching the center of my line, Major Shropshire and Captain Shannon at head of column. When they had arrived
to within a few paces of my skirmishers, Private Pierce, of Company F, Colorado Volunteers, approached them, killing
and disarming the major and taking the captain prisoner. He returned to our main body and delivered over his prisoner
to Captain Chapin, U. S. Army. The fire of my skirmishers was directed against the head of the still advancing column
with such rapidity and effectiveness that the enemy were compelled to retire, with the loss of several killed and
wounded. They once again appeared in the valley, but were repulsed and driven back. Our column had fallen back
from the valley to my right a considerable distance. The enemy occupied the place we had left. Considering it extremely
hazardous to remain longer, and thereby enable the enemy to get in my rear and cut me off from support of our battery
and protection of our train, I ordered my men to fall back and close in the rear of the retiring column, which they did in
good order at a point nearly 2 miles back, and then returned to the camp we left in the morning.
Not having at my command at this time the several reports of commanders of companies engaged in the battle I am
consequently unable to particularize individual acts of heroism, and the exact number of killed, wounded, and missing.
Therefore my report must necessarily
Page 538 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. Chapter XXI.
be incomplete. I would, however, remark that an estimate was made after the battle of the casualties of my command,
and, if my memory serves me, 29 killed, 64 wounded, and 13 missing. Companies D and I, First Colorado Volunteers,
were the greatest sufferers. Several of the wounded have since died from the effects of their wounds, making the
number killed 38. The missing were taken prisoners by the enemy, one of whom escaped. The others were released on
their paroles. Lieutenant Baker, of Company I, was severely wounded during the early part of the engagement, and
afterward beaten to death by the enemy with the butt of a musket or club and his body stripped of its clothing. He was
found the next morning, his head scarcely recognizable, so horribly mangled. He fought gallantly, and the vengeance of
the foe pursued him after death. Lieutenant Chambers, of Company C, Colorado Volunteers, was also severely
wounded, from which there is but little hope of this recovery. he proved himself a gallant officer.
Suffice it to say that officers and men acted with great gallantry, and where all did so well to particularize and refer to
individuals becomes unnecessary.
I have the honor to remain, yours, with respect,
SAM. F. TAPPAN,
Lieutenant-Colonel, First Regiment Colorado Infantry Vols.
Captain G. CHAPIN,
7th Inf., U. S. A., A. A. A. G., Dept Hdqrs., Santa Fe, N. Mex.
Numbers 3. Report of Major John M. Chivington, First Colorado Infantry.
CAMP LEWIS, NEAR PECOS CHURCH, N. MEX.,
March 28, 1862.
GENERAL: I have the honor to submit to you the following report of the troops under my command on the 28th of
March, 1862, at the battle of Pigeon's Ranch:
In obedience to General Orders, Numbers -, issued to me on the morning of this day, with the following command: 1st,
Captain Lewis' battalion, assisted by Captain Carey, consisting of 60 men; Companies A and G, Fifth Infantry, in charge
of Lieutenants Barr and Norvell; Company B, First Regiment Colorado Volunteers, 78 men, in charge of Captain S. M.
Logan and Lieutenant Jacobs, and Captain James H. Ford's company, Second Colorado Volunteers, in charge of
Captain Ford and Lieutenant De Forrest. 2nd, Captain Wynkoop's battalion, consisting of Company A, First Regiment
Colorado Volunteers, in charge of Lieutenant Shaffer, 68 men; Company E, First Regiment Colorado Volunteers, in
charge of Captain Scott J. Anthony and Lieutenant J. A. Dawson, 71 men; Company H, First Regiment Colorado
Volunteers, in charge of Captain George L. Sanborn and Lieutenant B. N. Sanford, numbering about 80 men, I left
Camp Lewis at 8.30 o'clock a. m., and at 9.30 o'clock a. m. we left the main road and took the trail leading to Gallisteo,
which we kept for 8 miles, and then without road we traveled about 8 miles, and about 1.30 o'clock p. m. we reached an
eminence overlooking Johnson's Ranch.
After reconnoitering the position it was ascertained that there were corralled in the canon 80 wagons and one field
piece, all in charge of
Page 539 Chapter XXI. ENGAGEMENT OF VALVERDE, N. MEX.
some 200 men. The command was given to charge, and the troops started upon double-quick. Captain Wynkoop, with
30 of his men, were deployed to the mountain side to silence their guns by picking off their gunners, which they did
effectually, Captain Lewis capturing and spiking the gun after having five shots discharged at him. The remainder of the
command surrounded the wagons and buildings, killing 3 and wounding several of the enemy. The wagons were all
heavily loaded with ammunition, clothing, subsistence, and forage, all of which were burned upon the spot or rendered
entirely useless. During the engagement one of the wagons containing ammunition exploded, severely wounding
Private Ritter, of Company A, First Colorado Volunteers; the only person injured. We retook 5 privates, who had been
taken in the forenoon in the battle between Slough's and Scurry's forces, from whom reaching the summit of the
mountain we were met by Lieutenant Cobb, bringing an order from Colonel Slough for our advance to support the main
column, which we hastened to obey. We also took 17 prisoners, and captured about thirty horses and mules, which
were in a corral in the vicinity of the wagons.
Both officers and men performed their duty efficiently. Captain Lewis had the most dangerous duty assigned him, which
he performed with unfaltering heroism. I repeat, all, ALL did well. the command returned to Camp Lewis about 10
o'clock p. m. the same day.
I am, general, with much respect, your obedient servant,
J. M. CHIVINGTON,
Major, First Regiment Colorado Volunteers.
P. S.- I ought in justice to say that a Mr. Collins, in some way connected with Indian affairs in this Territory, and one of
Colonel Slough's volunteer aides, by his own request and Colonel Slough's desire accompanied the command, and
gave evidence that he was a brave man, and did us good service as a guide and interpreter, though he did not burn
the train or cause it to be done.
J. M. C.
27 killed; 63 wounded. Total, 90.
Numbers 4. Report of Captain John F. Ritter, Fifteenth U. S. Infantry, commanding light battery.
FORT UNION, N. MEX., May 16, 1862.
SIR: Pursuant to a letter dated Headquarters, Department of New Mexico, Santa Fe, N. Mex., May 15, 1862, I have the
honor to submit the following report:
The light battery which I commanded in the action of Pigeon's Ranch was composed of two 12-pounder howitzers and
two 6-pounder guns, without caissons, there being none then in the department. Its total strength consisted of 3
commissioned officers, besides myself, were First Lieutenant P. McGrath, Sixth Cavalry, and Second Lieutenant R. S.
Underhill, Fourth New Mexico Volunteers. The order for the formation of this battery was dated March 9, 1862, and on
March 23 it was ordered with Colonel Slough's column into the field. On March 28 the enemy was reported in advance,
and the battery was ordered to the front to a position in the road a few hundred yards west of
Page 540 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. Chapter XXI.
Pigeon's Ranch, where it commenced fire upon the enemy. After firing a number of rounds I was ordered to take
position farther to the rear and south of the road, some distance from it. Here I was exposed to a galling fire without
being able to return it effectually, the enemy being some distance off and entire sheltered by threes, &c., and I was also
some distance from my ammunition wagons. The supports to the battery were all ordered away with the exception of
about one platoon of Colorado Volunteers, and I deemed it proper to return to the road, which I did after firing a few
rounds. It was here that Lieutenant McGrath was fatally wounded. I then took position nearly in front of Pigeon's Ranch,
and established one 6-pounder in the road, while the limber-boxes of the pieces, two at a time, went to the rear to be
replenished. Here one of the enemy's pieces was dismounted by a round shot striking it full in the muzzle, and another
was disabled and a limber-box was blown up by a case shot striking it. Private Kelley, Company E, Fifth Infantry, was
gunner at the piece which did this execution.
From here I was ordered by Captain Chapin to cross the ravine to the other side of the canon and take up a position
there, which I did. Lieutenant Claflin's mountain howitzer battery joined and took position with me. The enemy here
made a desperate charge on the batteries, and was repulsed with, I think, great loss. The enemy then got on the rocky
hill on my right flank, and was pouring to destructive fire of small-arms in the batteries and killed two horses, so that I
deemed it proper to withdraw from my position. Private G. H. Smith, Company E, Fifth Infantry, was killed, and Privates
Raleigh and Woolsey, same company, and Private Leddy, Company I, Second Cavalry, were wounded at this place. I
then took position some distance farther to the rear (this position was selected by Captain G. Chapin, Seventh Infantry)
in front of a deep ravine, where the supports were entirely sheltered from the enemy's fire. The supply train was in the
road about 40 yards from the left of the battery. The enemy here made another desperate charge on the battery, and
apparently also the train, but was again repulsed, with, I think, great loss and in great disorder. This was my last
position, and I heard no more firing from either side afterwards. The command then retired for the day to Kozlowski's.
I wish to state in conclusion that I had made a night march the night before the action, and did not get into camp until 4
p. m., and officers and men were necessarily much fatigued. I was very much impeded in my movements by reason of
the deficiency of caissons.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN F. RITTER,
Captain, Fifteenth Infantry, Commanding Light Battery.
Captain G. CHAPIN,
Seventh Inf., A. A. A. G., Dept. of N. Mex., Santa Fe, N. Mex.
Numbers 5. Report of Brigadier General Henry H. Sibley, C. S. Army.
HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE NEW MEXICO,
Albuquerque, N. Mex., March 31, 1862.
GENERAL: I have the honor and the pleasure to report another victory.
After the battle of Valverde our advance was uninterrupted to this
Page 541 Chapter XXI. ENGAGEMENT OF VALVERDE, N. MEX.
city. Here sufficient supplies were secured for sixty days, while from Cubero, a village 60 miles distant, large supplies
have been drawn from the enemy's depot. We have been surrounded with every description of embarrassment,
general and individual. Whole trains had been abandoned, and scantily provided, as they had originally been, with
blankets and clothing, the men had, without a murmur, given up the little left them. More than all this, on the
representation of their officers that forage could not be procured with one accord the regiment agreed to be
dismounted.
These preliminary facts are stated because it is due to the brave men under my command that they should be known
and the hand-to-hand desperate contests duly appreciated.
The battle of Glorieta was fought March 28 by detached troops, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Scurry, and
Federal forces, principally Pike's Peakers, under the command of Colonel Slough; the one having 1,000 men and the
other estimated at 1,500 or 2,000. Glorieta is a canon 23 miles east of Santa Fe.
Pending the battle the enemy detached a portion of his force to attack and destroy our supply train, which he
succeeded in doing, thus crippling Colonel Scurry to such a degree that he was two days without provisions or
blankets. The patient, uncomplaining endurance of our men is most remarkable and praiseworthy.
Our loss was 33 milled and 35 wounded. Among the killed are Majors Ragnet and Shropshire and Captain Buckholts.
Colonel Scurry had his cheek twice grazed by Minie balls, and Major Pyron had his horse killed under him.
In consequence of the loss of his train Colonel Scurry has fallen back upon Santa Fe.
I must have re-enforcements. The future operations of this army will be duly reported. Send me re-enforcements.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. H. SIBLEY,
Brigadier-General, Commanding.
General S. COOPER,
Adjutant and Inspector General, Richmond, Va.
Numbers 6. Reports of Colonel W. R. Scurry, Fourth Texas Cavalry.
SANTA FE, N. MEX., March 30, 1862.
GENERAL: I arrived here this morning with my command and have taken quarters for the present in this city. I will in a
short time give you an official account of the battle of Glorieta, which occurred on day before yesterday, in the Canon
Glorieta, about 22 miles from this city, between the Confederate troops under my command and the Federal forces,
commanded by Colonel Slough, of the Colorado Volunteers, (Pike's Peakers), when another victory was added to the
long list of Confederate triumphs.
The action commenced at about 11 o'clock and ended at 5.30, and, although every inch of the ground was well
contested, we steadily drove them back until they were in full retreat our men pursuing until from sheer exhaustion we
were compelled to stop.
Our loss was 33 killed and I believe, 35 wounded. Among the killed
Page 542 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. Chapter XXI.
was that brave soldier and accomplished officer Major Ragnet, the gallant and impetuous Major Shropshire, and the
daring Captain Buckholts, all of whom fell gallantry leading the men around against the foe. Major Pyron had his horse
shot under him, and my own cheek was twice brushed by a Minie ball, each time just drawing blood, and my clothes torn
in two places. I mention this simply to show how hot was the fire of the enemy when all of the field officers upon the
ground were either killed or touched. As soon as I can procure a full report of all the casualties I will forward them.
Our train was burned by a party who succeeded in passing undiscovered around the mountains to our rear. I regret to
have to report that they fired upon and severely wounded Rev. L. H. Jones, our chaplain, of the Fourth Regiment. He
was holding in his hand a white flag when fire upon.
The loss of the enemy was very severe, being over 75 killed and a large number wounded.
The loss of my supplies so crippled me that after burying my dead I was unable to follow up the victory. My men for two
days went unfed and blanketless unmurmuringly. I was compelled to come here for something to eat.
At last accounts the Federalists were still retiring towards Fort Union.
The men at the train blew up the limber-box and spiked the 6-pounder I had left at the train, so that it was rendered
useless, and the cart-burners left it.
Lieutenant Bennett writes for more ammunition. Please have it sent. As soon as I am fixed for it I wish to get after them
again.
From three sources, all believe to be reliable, Canby left Craig on the 24th.
Yours, in haste,
W. R. SCURRY.
P. S.- I do not know if I write intelligently. I have not slept for three nights, and can scarcely hold my eyes open.
W. R. S.
SANTA FE, N. MEX., March 31, 1862.
MAJOR: Late on the afternoon of the 26th, while encamped at Gallisteo, and express from Major Pyron arrived, with the
information that the major was engaged in a sharp conflict with a greatly superior force of the enemy, about 16 miles
distant, and urging me to hasten to his relief. The critical condition of Major Pyron and his gallant comrades was made
known to the command, and in ten minutes the column was formed and the order to march given. Our baggage train
was sent forward under a guard of 100 men, under the command of Lieutenant Taylor, of the Seventh Regiment, to a
point some 6 miles in the rear of Major Pyron's position, the main command marching directly across the mountains to
the scene of conflict. It is due to the brave men making this cold night march to state that where the road over the
mountain was too steep for the horses to drag the artillery they were unharnessed, and the men cheerfully pulled it
over the difficulties of the way by hand.
About 3 o'clock in the morning we reached Major Pyron's encampment at Johnson's Ranch, Canon Cito. There had
been an agreed ces-
Page 543 Chapter XXI. ENGAGEMENT OF VALVERDE, N. MEX.
sation of hostilities until 8 o'clock the next morning. Too much praise cannot be bestowed upon the courage of the
officers and men engaged in the affair of the 26th.
As soon as daylight enabled me I made a thorough examination of the ground, and so formed the troops as to
command every approach to the position we occupied, which was naturally a very strong one. The disposition of the
troops was soon completed, and by 8 o'clock were ready to receive the expected attack.
In this position we remained until the next morning. The enemy still not making their appearance, I concluded to march
forward and attack them. Leaving a small wagon guard, I marched in their direction with portions of nine companies of
the Fourth Regiment, under their respective officers, Captain [George J.] Hampton, Lesueur, Foard, Crosson, Julius
Giesecke, Alexander, Buckholts, [J. M.] Odell, and Lieutenant Holland, of Company B, Captain Scarborough being
unwell; four companies of the Seventh Regiment, under Captains [Gustav] Hoffman, [J. W.] Gardner, [J. F.] Wiggins,
and [Isaac] Adair; four companies of the Fifth Regiment, under Captain [Denman] Shannon and [Daniel H.] Ragsdale
and Lieuts. Pleasant J. Oakes and John J. Scott; three pieces of artillery, under Lieutenant Bradford, together with
Captain Phillips' company if independent volunteers.
From details and other causes they were reduced until (all combined) they did not number over 600 men fit for duty. At
about 6 miles from our camp the advance guard gave notice that the enemy were near in force. I hastened in front to
examine their position, and found they were about 1 mile west of Pigeon's Ranch, in Canon Glorieta. The mounted men
who were marching in front were ordered to retire slowly to the rear, dismount, and come into action on foot. The
artillery was pushed forward to a slight elevation in the canon and immediately opened fire. The infantry was rapidly
deployed into line, extending across the canon from a fence on our left up into the pine forest on our right.
About the time these dispositions were made the enemy rapidly advanced in separate columns both upon our right and
left. I dispatched Major Pyron to the right to check them in that direction, and placing the center in command of Major
Ragnet I hastened with the remainder of the command to the left. A large body of infantry, availing themselves of a
gulch that ran up the center of an inclosed field to our left, were moving under its cover past our left flank to the rear of
our position. Crossing the fence on foot, we advanced over the clearing some 200 yards under a heavy fire from the
foe, and dashed into the gulch in their midst, pistol and knife in hand. For a few moments a most desperate and deadly
hand-to-hand conflict raged along the gulch, when they broke before the steady courage of our men and fled in the
wildest disorder and confusion.
Major Pyron was equally successful, and Major Ragnet with his force charged rapidly down the center. Lieutenant
Bradford, of the artillery, had been wounded and borne from the field. There being no other officer of the artillery
present, three guns, constituting our battery, had been hastily withdrawn before I was aware of it. Sending to the rear to
have two of the guns brought back to the field a pause was made to reunite our forces, which had become somewhat
scattered in the last rencounter. When we were ready to advance the enemy had taken cover, and it was impossible to
tell whether their main body was sta-
Page 544 OPERATIONS IN TEX., N. MEX., AND ARIZ. Chapter XXI.
tioned behind a long adobe wall that ran nearly across the canon or had taken position behind a large ledge of rocks in
the rear. Private W. D. Kirk, of Captain Phillips' company, had taken charge of one of the guns, and Sergeant Patrick,
of the artillery, another, and brought them to the ground.
While trying by the fire of these two guns to ascertain the locality of the enemy, Major Shropshire was sent to the right,
with orders to move up among the pines until he should find the enemy, when he was to attack them on that flank.
Major Ragnet, with similar orders, was dispatched to the left. I informed these gallant officers that as soon as the sound
of their guns was heard I would charge in front with the remainder of the command. Sending Major Pyron to the
assistance of Major Ragnet, and leaving instruction for the center to charge as the fire opened on the right, I passed in
that direction to learn the cause of delay in making the assault. I found that the gallant Major Shropshire had been
killed. I took command of the right and immediately attacked the enemy who were at the ranch. Majors Ragnet and
Pyron opened a galling fire upon their left from the rock on the mountain side, and the center charging down the road,
the foe were driven from the ranch to the ledge of rocks before alluded to, where they made their final and most
desperate stand. At this point three batteries of eight guns opened a furious fire of grape, canister, and shell upon our
advancing troops.
Our brave soldiers, heedless fo the storm, pressed on, determined if possible to take their battery. A heavy body of
infantry, twice our number, interposed to save their guns. Here the conflict was terrible. Our men and officers, alike
inspired with the unalterable determination to overcome every obstacle to the attainment of their object, dashed among
them. The right and center had united on the left. The intrepid Ragnet and the cool, calm, courageous Pyron had
pushed forward among the rocks until the muzzles of the guns of the opposing forces passed each other. Inch by inch
was the ground disputed, until the artillery of the enemy had time to escape with a number of their wagons. The infantry
also broke ranks and fled from the field. So precipitate was their flight that they cut loose their teams and set fire to two
of their wagons. The pursuit was kept up until forced to halt from the extreme exhaustion of the men, who had been
engaged for six hours in the hardest contested fight it had ever been my lot to witness. The enemy is now known to
have numbered 1,400 men, Pike's Peak miners and regulars, the flower of the U. S. Army.
During the action a part of the enemy succeeded in reaching our rear, surprising the wagon guard, and burning our
wagons, taking at the same time some 16 prisoners. About this time a party of prisoners, whom I had sent to the rear,
reached there, and informed them how the fight was going in front; whereupon they beat a hasty retreat, not, however,
until the perpetration of two acts which the most barbarous savage of the plains would blush to own. One was the
shooting and dangerously wounding of the Rev. L. H. Jones, chaplain of the Fourth Regiment, with a white flag in his
hand; the other an order that the prisoners they had taken be shot in case they were attacked on their retreat. These
instances go to prove that they have lost all sense of humanity in the insane hatred they bear to the citizens of the
Confederacy, who have the manliness to arm in defense of their country's independence.
We remained upon the battle-field during the day of the 29th to bury our dead and provide for the comfort of the
wounded, and then
Page 545 Chapter XXI. ENGAGEMENT OF VALVERDE, N. MEX.
marched to Santa Fe, to procure supplies and transportation to replace those destroyed by the enemy.
Our loss was 36 killed and 60 wounded. Of the killed 24 were of the Fourth Regiment, 1 of the Fifth Regiment, 8 of the
Seventh Regiment, and 1 of the artillery.
That of the enemy greatly exceeded this number, 44 of their dead being counted where the battle first opened. Their
killed must have considerably exceeded 100.
The country has to mourn the loss of four as brave and chivalrous officers as ever graced the ranks of any army. The
gallant Major Shropshire fell early, pressing upon the foe and cheering his men on. The brave and chivalrous Major
Ragnet fell mortally wounded while engaged in the last and most desperate conflict of the day. He survived long
enough to know and rejoice at our victory, and then died with loving messages upon his expiring lips. The brave, gallant
Captain Buckholts and Lieutenant Mills conducted themselves with distinguished gallantry throughout the fight and fell
near its close. Of the living it is only necessary to say all behaved with distinguished courage and daring.
This battle proves conclusively that few mistakes were made in the selection of the officers in this command. They were
ever in the front, leading their men into the hottest of the fray. It is not too much to say that, even in the midst of this
heroic band, among whom instances of individual daring and personal prowess were constantly occurring, Major Pyron
was distinguished by the calm intrepidity of his bearing. It is due to Adjt. Ellsberry R. Lane to bear testimony to the
courage and activity he displayed in the discharge of his official duties, and to acknowledge my obligations for the
manner in which he carried out my orders.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. R. SCURRY,
Colonel, Commanding Army of New Mexico.
Major A. M. JACKSON,
Assistant Adjutant-General, Army of New Mexico.
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